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Exam 21: Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

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Question 1

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What form of nitrogen reacts with water in the air to form nitrates that fall to the ground during precipitation?

A) nitrous oxide
B) ammonia
C) nitric acid
D) nitric oxide

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Question 2

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How does ice core sampling help scientists learn what atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were in the past?

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As ice forms, air bubbles are trapped in...

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Question 3

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What is the largest pool of nitrogen in the global nitrogen cycle?

(Figure 21.7) The figure shows results of nitrogen addition in eight sites around the United States. What do these results tell us about limiting resources at the sites? What did researchers conclude about declines in species richness?

The large marine dead zone that forms in the Gulf of Mexico each summer is caused by

What are two ways that vertical mixing of waters in lakes and oceans affects primary production?

Global climate change is primarily caused by increased levels of _____ in the atmosphere.

How do scientists use watersheds to study nutrient inputs and outputs?

The energy required for evapotranspiration is provided by

In what form does phosphorus move through the environment?

What is the main avenue by which phosphorus returns to the ocean?

Where does most decomposition occur in aquatic systems?

How do terrestrial ecosystems replace nongaseous nutrients lost to leaching and runoff?

Using what you know about the global carbon cycle, describe two ways that deforesting in tropical forests by burning affects atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

In the hydrologic cycle, infiltration refers to

The burning of fossil fuels affects the nitrogen cycle by increasing atmospheric

Denitrification is described by

Topic: In terrestrial ecosystems most soil nutrients regenerate in the soil. In aquatic ecosystems most nutrients regenerate in the sediments. During autumn in Ontario, you are walking by a tree near a deep lake when you see two leaves fall. One leaf drops on the ground near your feet and the other is blown out into the middle of the lake, where it sinks. Assuming that these leaves have identical physical and chemical composition, compare the rate and processes by which the nutrients in the two leaves will be recycled and used again by producers.

From 1958 to 2012, atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements at Mauna Loa have risen approximately

How did logging in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest affect water and nutrient cycling in the watershed?