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Exam 15: Organizational Design, effectiveness, and Innovation

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Question 31

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________ occur(s) when organizations divide the work in pursuing the common goal among groups and individuals performing separate but related tasks.

A) Coordination of effort
B) The chain of command
C) The hierarchy of authority
D) Division of labor
E) Aligned goals

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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Question 32

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Which of the following statements about mechanistic organizations is ?

A) Mechanistic organizations generally have open structures.
B) Mechanistic organizations generally are expected to produce reliability and consistency in internal processes.
C) Mechanistic organizations result in lower efficiency, quality, and timeliness.
D) Mechanistic organizations are more responsive to customer feedback.
E) Mechanistic organizations are inappropriate in industries where mistakes and errors can be catastrophic.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Question 33

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Marah is a manager at a deep-sea research facility.She feels pressured to perform because she is responsible for assigning employees different roles within each project.Marah is afraid that she may be blamed if a project stalls or misses its deadline. What is the contingency approach to organizational design? Why does Marah feel pressured in this situation? What are the factors that managers should consider in getting the right "fit" between their organization and its design?

Sunshine Crackers introduces Wheat Flats,a cracker with more fiber,fewer calories,and great flavor.Wheat Flats is a great success.This is an example of __________ innovation.

__________ typically have a more open communication and contribution style.For example,at Google,the environment is unpredictable,but because of the freedom afforded the employees and management,it runs smoothly.

A major pharmaceutical firm is developing a new medical drug for the market.Stockholders are pressing for an early release date,as the drug is expected to generate significant profits.Unions representing production workers are pressing for wage increases,which would reduce the resources available for development and marketing,thus delaying the release date.Consumer activists are pressing for increased testing which would both increase costs and delay the release date.Which balanced scorecard perspective is most applicable in this situation?

Which of the following is not a benefit of open structures?

________ is not a benefit of horizontal structures.

Acbar Inc.groups people according to similarity of products,services,customers,clients,or geographic regions.Acbar is called a functional structure.

Mosco's is a ____________ in which management has largely succeeded in breaking down barriers among internal levels,job functions,and departments,as well as reducing external barriers between the organization and those with whom it does business.

The Meyers Motor Company to?day is very different from the same company of 1965,yet many essential characteristics remain so that "Meyers is still Meyers." This suggests that organizations have ____________,the means to retain and transmit information from past to future members of the social system.

According to Kaplan and Norton,a(n) ________ is a "visual representation of a company's critical objectives and the crucial relationships among them that drive organizational performance."

When a business doesn't have control of all the environmental forces,it is called __________ design.For example,Acme Medical relies on predictions and contingencies to cope with unexpected input.Last year,an influenza epidemic affected suppliers,personnel,and even customers,causing lost production and lost profit.

Identify the supporting forces for innovation that organizations can adopt.Explain each and provide an example.

ABC International has just passed $250 million in sales,and its president decides to adopt a different organizational structure in order to better service its customers.The structure looks like this: -Commercial division.Focuses on all commercial customers and has its own product development and production employees. -Retail division.Focuses on all retail customers in the United States,and has its own product development and production employees. -International division.Focuses on all retail customers outside of the United States.It shares product development and production facilities with the retail division. ABC International is now using a ____________ structure.

The idea of organization design is that organizations are more effective or successful when their structure supports the execution of corporate strategies.

Tsunamet Cosmetics is highly responsive to its customers.This is one of the advantages of _________ organizations.

Wayneslock,when producing the Steamer Cabin Craft luxury yacht,assigned subcontractors to complete specific subassemblies and deliver them to Wayneslock Corporate for final assembly.This approach resulted in a leaner and simpler assembly line and lower inventory.Wayneslock is an example of a __________ structure.

A hollow structure is also known as a network structure.

What is the open systems perspective of organizations? How does it differ from the closed systems perspective? Choose an example of an organization and analyze it from an open systems perspective.