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Which of the following is a characteristic of fragmented retail systems?


A) long channels of distribution
B) single-layer distribution systems
C) lower sales call to sales order ratio
D) relatively smaller sales force compared to concentrated retail systems
E) promotion of direct interaction between retailers and firms

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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A global marketing strategy that views the world's consumers as similar in their preferences is consistent with the mass production of a standardized output.

A) True
B) False

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Describe the differences in distribution systems between countries in terms of retail concentration.

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In some countries,the retail system is v...

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Consumers in the most developed countries are often willing to sacrifice their preferred product attributes for lower priced products.

A) True
B) False

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There is generally a critical link among channel length,the final selling price,and the firm's profit margin because each intermediary in a channel adds its own markup to the products.

A) True
B) False

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_____ can constrain the globalization of markets.


A) Differences in technical standards
B) Uniform standard of living
C) Cosmopolitan tastes and preferences
D) Market segments that transcend national borders
E) Convergence of cultures

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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In deciding on the firm's distribution strategy in the United Kingdom,Arlene Smith of Wendell Products found that the country's retail sector was very concentrated.When the retail sector is very concentrated


A) it is more expensive for a firm to make contact with each individual retailer.
B) it makes sense for a firm to deal directly with retailers,cutting out wholesalers.
C) a relatively large sales force is required to deal with the retail sector.
D) the channels of distribution tend to be long.
E) the growth of wholesalers is promoted.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Predatory pricing and experience curve pricing do not violate antidumping regulations.

A) True
B) False

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Gundogan Food Products is hoping to enter Maurinia,a developed country.They want to have a good understanding of consumer preferences in that country.Which of the following is true of the influence of economic development on consumer preferences?


A) The level of economic development does not impact consumer preferences as much as cultural difference does.
B) Firms based in highly developed countries do not build extra performance attributes into their products.
C) Consumers in less developed nations demand to have extra attributes built into products.
D) Consumers in developed countries are often willing to sacrifice their preferred attributes for lower prices.
E) Consumers in developed nations are willing to pay more for products that have additional features customized to their tastes.

F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

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Firms can reduce the failure of product development by ensuring that research and development,marketing,and production functions work independently.

A) True
B) False

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In terms of pricing strategies,dumping occurs whenever an international firm sells a product for a price that is less than the price charged by domestic producers.

A) True
B) False

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Pull strategies tend to be emphasized


A) for complex new products.
B) for consumer goods.
C) for industrial goods.
D) when distribution channels are short.
E) when few print or electronic media are available.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Cassidy Boeheim,the international sales manager for Knoll Home Products found that Brazil has a long distribution channel.Upon investigation,she found that this was caused by a large number of wholesalers who entered the market to serve retailers.Which kind of retail systems tend to promote the growth of wholesalers to serve retailers,which lengthens distribution channels?


A) centralized
B) focused
C) concentrated
D) fragmented
E) exclusive

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Predatory pricing exists whenever consumers in different countries are charged different prices for the same product,or for slightly different variations of the product.

A) True
B) False

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A concentrated retail system is one in which there are many retailers,none of which has a major share of the market.

A) True
B) False

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Gundogan Food Products manufactures and markets a wide range of dairy products.In the lead up to going international,the company's marketing and international sales staff is having a big debate with regards to the factors affecting product attributes for their business.In terms of the factors affecting product attributes,the impact of which of the following is particularly important for Gundogan Food Products?


A) language
B) nationality
C) religion
D) tradition
E) gender

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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A technological innovation can make established products obsolete overnight.

A) True
B) False

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The elasticity of demand for a product in a given country is determined by a number of factors,of which income level and competitive conditions are the two most important.

A) True
B) False

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_____ exists whenever consumers in different countries are charged different prices for the same product.


A) Penetration pricing
B) Premium pricing
C) Predatory pricing
D) Price discrimination
E) Price skimming

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following is true about channel quality?


A) The quality of retailers is variable in developed nations.
B) The quality of retailers is variable in emerging markets and less developed nations.
C) Channel quality refers to a measure of the number of intermediaries between the manufacturer and the consumer.
D) An international business cannot establish its own distribution channel when the existing channel quality is poor.
E) The lack of a high-quality channel does not impede market entry.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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