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To be successful and to survive the shakeout stage of the industry life cycle,a firm should


A) charge higher prices than its competitors.
B) focus on product innovation rather than process innovation.
C) gain economies of scale.
D) shift from price to non-price competition.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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While the personal computer industry is flooded and growing with laptops and tablets,Ivan recently bought a desktop,his first personal computer.He realized that a computer at home would be helpful for his children for their school projects,and he could use it to maintain the simple accounts of his plumbing business.Which of the following customer segments does Ivan best represent?


A) early adopters
B) category captains
C) laggards
D) early majority

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is one of the reasons that led to CNN,an innovator,losing its leadership position in the 24-hour cable news industry?


A) The cable news industry was in the maturity stage of the industry life cycle.
B) The second movers imitated CNN's incremental innovation to continuously improve their offering.
C) It failed to cross the large competitive chasm between the early adopters and early majority.
D) Its business model relied heavily on crowdsourcing for its user-generated content.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The market for 3-D televisions is in the introduction stage of the industry life cycle.What does this imply?


A) There are only a few competitors in the 3-D television market.
B) The number of buyers in the market is high.
C) The prices of 3-D televisions will be lowest during this stage.
D) The barriers to entry are low in the industry.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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When firms innovate by leveraging existing technologies into new markets,they are said to be involved in


A) incremental innovations.
B) radical innovations.
C) architectural innovations.
D) disruptive innovations.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following scenarios would typically happen in a firm that uses open innovation?


A) a meeting with professors at a university to get ideas for product
B) a survey of employees to get ideas for a product
C) a meeting of department heads to get ideas for a product
D) a conference of R&D employees from various branches to get ideas for a product

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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A new product often has a high price when it is launched because of a


A) large investment in designing a product while producing small quantities.
B) large investment in marketing a product while producing small quantities.
C) large investment in designing a product while producing large quantities.
D) large investment in marketing a product while producing large quantities.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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The key objective for firms during the growth phase is to


A) invest as many resources as possible in product innovations.
B) stake out a strong strategic position not easily imitated by rivals.
C) pursue a harvest strategy.
D) reduce their network effects.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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What is an invention?


A) the transformation of an idea into a new product or process
B) a unique idea that has not been thought of before
C) the transformation of an idea into a successful product
D) a unique idea that has been patented

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A firm's resistance to changes in the status quo is referred to as


A) organizational parity.
B) organizational liquidity.
C) organizational inertia.
D) organizational efficacy.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Why is the phase after the growth stage of the industry life cycle referred to as the shakeout stage?


A) The barriers to entry increase during this stage.
B) The firms in the industry yield the highest profits during this phase.
C) Rivalry among competitors decreases in this stage.
D) The weaker firms are forced out of the industry in this stage.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The strategic objective of businesses during the shakeout phase of the industry life cycle will primarily be to


A) move toward product innovations and away from process innovations.
B) survive by drawing on "deep pockets."
C) achieve market acceptance.
D) reduce the barriers to entry in the industry.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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As a research scholar,Ricardo had built a helicam as part of his project.The helicam could capture aerial images.Realizing the potential use of this product in movie production and military and rescue operations,he started a new venture where he could customize these helicams to fit the specific needs of the buyers and sell them.Ricardo can be best described as a(n)


A) entrepreneur.
B) category captain.
C) franchisor.
D) early adopter.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The demand for video recorders has drastically reduced,and there are only a few consumer electronics companies selling them at extremely low prices.Also,the current buyers of video recorders are mainly categorized under laggards.Which of the following stages of the industry life cycle is the video recorder industry in currently?


A) growth stage
B) maturity stage
C) decline stage
D) commercialization stage

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Globe Source Inc.is a consumer electronics company that follows an open innovation model.Which of the following can be concluded about this firm?


A) The firm will suffer from the not-invented-here syndrome.
B) The firm is less likely to commercialize researches from other firms.
C) The firm will buy others' intellectual property whenever it advances its own business model.
D) The firm will equate R&D with a high likelihood of benefitting from first-mover advantages.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true of a disruptive innovation?


A) It begins as a low-cost solution to a new problem.
B) It initially performs better than the existing technology.
C) It involves leveraging existing technologies in new markets.
D) It invades the market from the bottom up, by first capturing the low end.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements is true of laggards?


A) They make up the largest customer segment for any business.
B) They tend to enter the market frequently during the decline stage.
C) They do not like waiting too long for new technology to release.
D) They are customers who adopt a new product even if it is not necessary.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is a feature of the maturity stage of the industry life cycle?


A) The competitive intensity within the industry is at its peak.
B) The market reaches its maximum size.
C) The industry structure is more monopolistically competitive.
D) The focus on product innovation is higher than that on process innovation.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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In emerging economies,the LCD television industry is in that phase of the industry life cycle in which the previously increasing market demand becomes limited.The competitive intensity within the industry is high,and inefficient firms have begun to exit the industry.This has allowed only a few major companies to come out as cost-leaders and hold the shrinking market.Which of the following stages of the industry life cycle is the LCD television industry currently in?


A) growth stage
B) introduction stage
C) shakeout stage
D) decline stage

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Assume that the market for print book publishing has entered the maturity stage.Which of the following would most likely exist during this stage?


A) a few start-up publishers
B) many small to midsized publishers
C) a few large publishers
D) one large publisher

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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