Question 1

Forelimbs form at the junction of the neck and thoracic vertebrae,the position of which is controlled by HoxC-6 genes.Several kinds of vertebrates from different classes are limbless,including limbless lizards,and amphibians known as caecilians.All descended from limbed forms.On the basis of recent research in genetics,what would you conclude about the functioning of their HoxC-6 genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The site of expression of their HoxC-6 genes may have moved anteriorly until the level of expression has eliminated the neck region.
B)  The site of expression of their HoxC-6 genes would be the same as that of limbed vertebrates but is simply turned off early in development.
C)  Their HoxC-6 gene has mutated and serves a different function than in limbed vertebrates.
D)  The effect of the HoxC-6 gene is masked by another gene that is dominant to it.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Differentiate between Parazoa and Eumetazoa.

Accepted Answer

A)  Parazoa have only one kind of cell during their life cycle whereas Eumetazoa have many kinds of cells throughout their life cycle.
B)  The various cells types of Parazoa do not form permanent associations into tissues during their life cycle,whereas Eumetazoa possess true,stable tissues.
C)  Parazoans are only haploid during their life cycle,whereas eumetazoans are diploid with haploid sex cells at various stages of their life cycle.
D)  Parazoans invert during their development whereas eumetazoans do not invert at any time during their life cycle.
E)  Parazoans have mobile gametes while eumetazoans do not.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Your colleague is studying a newly-discovered organism.She is becoming increasingly convinced that the organism is an arthropod.You find that you must respectfully disagree when you note that the organism has a set of distinctly non-arthropod characteristics.The features that cause you to exclude the organism from the arthropod grouping are

Accepted Answer

A)  jointed legs,ecdysis,and an exoskeleton.
B)  antennae,six legs,and mandibles.
C)  compound eyes,book lungs,and a hemocoel.
D)  Malpighian tubules,ommatidia,and tagmata.
E)  pseudocoel,closed circulatory system,and ventral heart.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Coelomates are

Accepted Answer

A)  two embryos that develop in the same coelom.
B)  animals that have a true coelom.
C)  animals that have two coeloms.
D)  animals that have no coelom.
E)  animals in which the coelom disappears at gastrulation.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Molecular techniques led to the reinterpretation of morphologically based phylogeny such that

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa were designated as clades.
B)  Bilateria was designated as a monophyletic group.
C)  annelids and arthropods were designated as closely related.
D)  rotifers and nematodes were designated as closely relateD.
E)  echinoderms and chordates were placed in entirely different clades.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

You are given an embryo with four cells and you carefully separate them and allow them to develop in separate containers.Each of the cells forms a complete embryo that develops normally into an adult animal.How would you categorize your animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has indeterminate cleavage.
B)  It has determinate cleavage.
C)  It is a protostome.
D)  It is an annelid,mollusk,or arthropoD.
E)  It has spiral cleavagE.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 7

What is a unifying feature of all animals,but is not seen outside of the animal kingdom?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are terrestrial or secondarily aquatic.
B)  They are unicellular.
C)  They have immobile gametes.
D)  The nature of their small subunit rRNA gene sequences is different.
E)  They have a cell wall.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

You are asked to study a new species,and you are presented with a miniscule amount of DNA from that species.If you do not find a way to increase the volume of the DNA sample,you will not be able to work with the sample at all.Which technique should you use to increase the amount of DNA in the sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrophoresis
B)  PCR
C)  DNA fragmentation
D)  cladisticsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

There are no parasitic crustaceans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Bilateria are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a vertical plane in the midline.
B)  a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a horizontal plane in the midline.
C)  a plane of symmetry around a transverse plane across the center of the body so that the front and back halves are mirror images.
D)  a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around an oblique plane in the midline.
E)  a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around any plane through the longitudinal midline of the body.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: Chelicerata
Hexapoda
Myriapoda
Crustacea

Accepted Answer

The Answer of shrimp and insects and horseshoe crabs and is...

Question 12

Each arm of the starfish differs internally,one being specialized for reproduction,another for respiration,a third for digestion,a fourth for the water vascular system,and the fifth for the nervous and circulatory systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Echinoderms have an exoskeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Millipedes have a thousand legs whereas centipedes have only a hundred legs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used as a tool for

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking down DNA for analysis.
B)  amplifying the amount of DNA to provide a large sample.
C)  fragmenting DNA into smaller pieces.
D)  rearranging the gene sequences in isolated fragments of DNA.
E)  extracting DNA from nuclei.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

A pseudocoelom is a cavity that develops into the coelom during embryonic development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Some vertebrates like frogs and humans do not have a conspicuous tail,yet even humans have the remnants of one known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  sacrum.
B)  lumbar.
C)  fundus.
D)  coccyx.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Echinoderms are classified as Bilateria,but although they start out as bilateral larvae,they change into radially symmetrical adults.You might hypothesize that their genes controlling the development of radial symmetry are

Accepted Answer

A)  different from those controlling development of symmetry in all other radially symmetrical animals.
B)  similar to genes controlling body form in Porifera.
C)  similar to genes controlling body form in Ctenophora.
D)  similar to genes controlling body form in the lophophorates.
E)  similar to a common set of genes controlling body form in Ctenohora,and lophophorates.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

How does an open circulatory system differ from a closed one?

Accepted Answer

A)  An open circulatory system has vessels that open into cavities called sinuses whereas a closed circulatory system has only vessels.
B)  A closed circulatory system is completely encased in the body cavity whereas the open one is not.
C)  An open circulatory system opens into the heart whereas the closed circulatory system does not.
D)  An open circulatory system opens into arteries and is drained by veins whereas in a closed one it is just the reverse.
E)  An open circulatory system drains into the mantle cavity whereas a closed circulatory system drains into the hemolymph.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

You are observing the embryonic development of a new species in your laboratory.This species has indeterminate development.You note a mutation in which one of the blastomeres (early cells) mutates and loses its function.What do you hypothesize would happen to this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing--the remaining blastomeres would accomodate the formation of the necessary structures of the embryo.
B)  Immediate embryo death--the remaining blastomeres could not accomodate the formation of the necessary structures of the embryo.
C)  Uncertain future for the embryo--depending on which blastomere was lost,the remaining blastomeres might accomodate the formation of the necessary structures of the embryo.
D)  The embryo would certainly lack some features as a result of the lost blastomere.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 25: Animal Diversity: Invertebrates

Bilateria are characterized by

Correct Answer
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How does an open circulatory system differ from a closed one?

Correct Answer
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You are observing the embryonic development of a new species in your laboratory.This species has indeterminate development.You note a mutation in which one of the blastomeres (early cells) mutates and loses its function.What do you hypothesize would happen to this organism?

Correct Answer
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Echinoderms have an exoskeleton.

Correct Answer
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Echinoderms are classified as Bilateria,but although they start out as bilateral larvae,they change into radially symmetrical adults.You might hypothesize that their genes controlling the development of radial symmetry are

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Some vertebrates like frogs and humans do not have a conspicuous tail,yet even humans have the remnants of one known as the

Correct Answer
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You are given an embryo with four cells and you carefully separate them and allow them to develop in separate containers.Each of the cells forms a complete embryo that develops normally into an adult animal.How would you categorize your animal?

Correct Answer
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There are no parasitic crustaceans.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Millipedes have a thousand legs whereas centipedes have only a hundred legs.

Correct Answer
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Molecular techniques led to the reinterpretation of morphologically based phylogeny such that

Correct Answer
verified

Each arm of the starfish differs internally,one being specialized for reproduction,another for respiration,a third for digestion,a fourth for the water vascular system,and the fifth for the nervous and circulatory systems.

Correct Answer
verified

What is a unifying feature of all animals,but is not seen outside of the animal kingdom?

Correct Answer
verified

Differentiate between Parazoa and Eumetazoa.

Correct Answer
verified

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used as a tool for

Correct Answer
verified

Match each representative to the subphylum to which it belongs.

Coelomates are

Correct Answer
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A pseudocoelom is a cavity that develops into the coelom during embryonic development.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 25: Animal Diversity: Invertebrates

Bilateria are characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does an open circulatory system differ from a closed one?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are observing the embryonic development of a new species in your laboratory.This species has indeterminate development.You note a mutation in which one of the blastomeres (early cells) mutates and loses its function.What do you hypothesize would happen to this organism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Echinoderms have an exoskeleton.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Echinoderms are classified as Bilateria,but although they start out as bilateral larvae,they change into radially symmetrical adults.You might hypothesize that their genes controlling the development of radial symmetry are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some vertebrates like frogs and humans do not have a conspicuous tail,yet even humans have the remnants of one known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are given an embryo with four cells and you carefully separate them and allow them to develop in separate containers.Each of the cells forms a complete embryo that develops normally into an adult animal.How would you categorize your animal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are no parasitic crustaceans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Millipedes have a thousand legs whereas centipedes have only a hundred legs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecular techniques led to the reinterpretation of morphologically based phylogeny such that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each arm of the starfish differs internally,one being specialized for reproduction,another for respiration,a third for digestion,a fourth for the water vascular system,and the fifth for the nervous and circulatory systems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a unifying feature of all animals,but is not seen outside of the animal kingdom?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differentiate between Parazoa and Eumetazoa.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used as a tool for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each representative to the subphylum to which it belongs.

Coelomates are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pseudocoelom is a cavity that develops into the coelom during embryonic development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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