B) False
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A) RNA polymerase.
B) nucleotides.
C) DNA polymerase.
D) tRNA.
E) None of the answers are correct;all of these are supplied by the host animal cell.
G) All of the above
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C
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The replication of the viral genome of r...View Answer
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A) the virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease.
B) viral replication is unusually slow.
C) the disease process occurs gradually over a long period.
D) host cells are gradually lysed.
E) host cells are transformed.
G) A) and E)
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A) They are composed of carbohydrate-protein complexes.
B) They are used for attachment.
C) They may cause hemagglutination.
D) They bind to receptors on the host cell surface.
E) They are found only on nonenveloped viruses.
G) A) and E)
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Viruses are considered infectious "particles" on the borderline between living and non-living because they exhibit characteristics of both living and non-living things.
On one hand, viruses are non-living because they cannot carry out their own metabolic processes, such as respiration or reproduction, without a host cell. They do not have the necessary organelles or cellular machinery to carry out these processes on their own. Additionally, they do not grow, develop, or respond to stimuli like living organisms do.
On the other hand, viruses are considered living because they can replicate and evolve, which are two key characteristics of living organisms. When a virus infects a host cell, it hijacks the cell's machinery to create new virus particles. This ability to reproduce and evolve is a hallmark of living organisms. Additionally, viruses can adapt to their environment and evolve over time, similar to living organisms.
Overall, viruses are considered infectious "particles" on the borderline between living and non-living because they exhibit some characteristics of living organisms (such as replication and evolution) but lack others (such as metabolic processes and response to stimuli). This unique combination of traits places them in a category that blurs the line between living and non-living entities.
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A) host cell's ability to phagocytize viral particles.
B) presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane.
C) type of viral nucleic acid.
D) enzymatic activity of a host cell.
E) presence of pili on the host cell wall.
G) A) and B)
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A) finding oncogenes in viruses.
B) the presence of antibodies against viruses in cancer patients.
C) cancer that developed in chickens following injection of cell-free filtrates.
D) treating cancer with antibodies.
E) some liver cancer patients having had hepatitis.
G) B) and E)
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A) synthesis of + strands of RNA
B) synthesis of - strands of RNA
C) synthesis of viral proteins
D) synthesis of DNA
E) None of the answers is correct.
G) All of the above
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A) phage.
B) pock.
C) cell lysis.
D) plaque.
E) rash.
G) C) and D)
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A) a problematic gene found exclusively in viruses
B) an altered form of a gene that may induce cancer
C) a toxin gene transferred by a virus
D) a viral polymerase
E) a viral ligand found in a family of viruses
G) C) and D)
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A) immunity to reinfection by the same phage.
B) acquisition of new characteristics by the host cell.
C) immunity to reinfection by any phage.
D) specialized transduction.
E) phage conversion.
G) D) and E)
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A) synthesis of double-stranded DNA
B) synthesis of +RNA
C) attachment
D) penetration
E) uncoating
G) B) and C)
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A) attachment
B) biosynthesis
C) penetration
D) release
E) uncoating
G) B) and E)
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A) bacteriophage.
B) prion.
C) retrovirus.
D) viroid.
E) papovavirus.
G) B) and E)
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A) penetration
B) adsorption
C) uncoating
D) biosynthesis
E) release
G) C) and D)
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A) DNA
B) DNA polymerase
C) lysozyme
D) PrPˢᶜ
E) RNA
G) A) and E)
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A) phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.
B) lysis of the host cell due to a phage.
C) the period during replication when virions are not present.
D) when the burst time takes an unusually long time.
E) attachment of a phage to a cell.
G) A) and C)
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Bacteriophages, or viruses that infect bacteria, are used as vectors in genetic engineering to insert new genes into bacteria through a process called genetic recombination. This process involves the bacteriophage infecting the bacteria and injecting its genetic material, which includes the desired gene, into the bacterial cell. Once inside the bacterial cell, the new gene integrates into the bacterial genome through recombination, where it becomes a part of the bacteria's genetic material. This allows the bacteria to produce the protein encoded by the new gene, which can be used for various purposes such as producing therapeutic proteins or improving the bacteria's ability to break down environmental pollutants. Overall, the use of bacteriophages as vectors in genetic engineering allows for the efficient insertion of new genes into bacteria, making it a valuable tool in biotechnology and genetic research.
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B) False
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