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In the second half of the 19th century, emphasis shifted from reform schools to the:


A) wilderness program
B) boot camp model
C) cottage system
D) electronic monitoring system

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The growing involvement of female youths in criminal behavior has drawn more attention to the female juvenile offender. This attention has revealed that:


A) girls are less likely than boys to be incarcerated for status offenses
B) institutions for girls do a better job of rehabilitation
C) institutions for girls are generally less restrictive than those for boys
D) institutions for girls have fewer educational and vocational programs

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The _________________________ model developed by David Altschuler and Troy Armstrong offers a continuum of intervention for serious juvenile offenders returning to the community following placement.


A) Intensive Aftercare Program
B) Balanced Probation
C) Restorative Justice
D) Community Reparation

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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________________ programs involve one or two juveniles who live with a family usually a husband and wife who serve as surrogate parents.

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Which of the following juveniles is the most likely recipient of Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision?


A) status offenders
B) first time property offenders
C) juveniles who would normally be sent to secure facilities
D) juveniles who would normally be waived to the adult system

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In ____________________, all aspects of the environment are part of the treatment, and meaningful change, increased growth, and satisfactory adjustment are encouraged.

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_______________________ are rules mandating that a juvenile on probation behave in a particular way, and can include restitution, counseling, and educational and vocational programs.


A) Probation code of conduct
B) Conditions of probation
C) Intake plan
D) Personalized treatment plans

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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____________________ is a form of counseling that emphasizes current behavior and requires the individual to accept responsibility for all of his or her actions.

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_____________________ type of counseling requires an extensive analysis of the individual's childhood experiences.


A) Reality therapy
B) Psychotherapy
C) Electric shock therapy
D) Behavior modification

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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In ________________________, all aspects of the environment are part of the treatment, and meaningful change, increased growth, and satisfactory adjustment are encouraged.


A) milieu therapy
B) boot camps
C) wilderness probation
D) house arrest

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Minority youths accused of delinquent acts are less likely than European American youths to be diverted from the court system into informal sanctions.

A) True
B) False

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____________________ programs are counselling programs in which peer leaders encourage other youths to conform to conventional behavior.


A) Milieu therapy
B) Psychotherapy
C) Reality therapy
D) Positive peer culture

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Most juveniles are housed in private institutions that are administered by private corporations.

A) True
B) False

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The federal government prohibits states from placing status offenders in separate facilities that are similar in form and function to those facilities used for delinquent offenders.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is true about institutionalized youth?


A) females make up the great bulk of institutionalized
B) males are more likely than females to be incarcerated for status offenses
C) females tend to be incarcerated for longer terms than males
D) institutions for males are generally more restrictive than those for females

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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