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Exam 12: Electrochemistry: Principles and Measurement

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Question 1

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Which of the following describes the measurement of glucose by selective electrode methodology?

A) The glucose-selective phase will bind the glucose present in the patient sample, allowing the development of a potential across the membrane for measurement.
B) Glucose will selectively diffuse across its selective phase and establish an equilibrium with the internal filling solution prior to direct measurement.
C) Glucose will interact with an immobilized enzyme, producing a product that will be oxidized at the platinum electrode, resulting in measurement.
D) Glucose will selectively pass through a membrane and be titrated, with the time required for titration equated to glucose concentration.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 2

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Carbon dioxide and ammonia electrodes are identical in that they utilize the same ______ and are different in that they utilize different ______.

A) pH electrode for measurement, gas-selective membranes
B) pH electrode for measurement, ionophores
C) gas-selective membranes, reference electrodes for quantification
D) gas-selective membranes, filling solutions around the electrode

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 3

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What is the most important variable to control during the measurement of ionized calcium by ion-selective electrode methodology?

Sodium measurements made by nondilutional ion-selective electrode methods may yield different results from those obtained by dilutional methods.Results determined by _____ methods are altered by specimens that have high lipid or protein levels.An advantage of the ______ method is that this method brings all samples to a constant ionic strength.Changes in the electrode surface are possible with ______ methods.

Which of the following may result in errant sodium results being reported by the laboratory when using a glass ion-selective electrode?

Potentiometry: 1) is the measurement of the electrical potential difference between two electrodes 2) is measured in voltage 3) measurements require the use of reference electrodes 4) measurements are mode only when there is no flow of current

The oxygen electrode is designed as a complete electrochemical cell which includes a platinum cathode at which oxygen is ______ by the reaction ______, utilizing electrons produced at the anode.

The primary application for coulometric analysis of chloride is:

The use of ion-selective phases in potentiometric measurements is based on the potential that develops:

In the analysis of carbon dioxide by ion-selective electrode methodology, it is noticed that the instrument response time is longer for carbon dioxide than it is for pH, sodium, or potassium.Which of the following provides the correct explanation for this longer response?

Liquid and polymer membranes for ion-selective electrodes utilize a hydrophobic organic ion exchanger or neutral carrier molecule which is known as a/an ______, an example of which is ______ that is selective for potassium ions.

Which of the following techniques would be the method of choice for measuring Pb⁺² in urine?

In the coulometric titration of chloride, the titration end-point is measured in terms of the:

Suppose a new pH electrode was attached to a pH meter.During calibration, the pH meter had a slow response time and continued to drift after adjustments.What should be the technologist's next step?

In potentiometric measurements, the voltage difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is proportional to:

The typical pH ion-selective phase utilized in a clinical laboratory is subject to which of the following problems?

One of the characteristics of a reference electrode is that it must produce a constant and reproducible half-cell reaction.For the saturated calomel reference electrode, which component ensures the development of this constant potential?