A) mitosis.
B) membrane depolarization.
C) apoptosis.
D) vitellogenesis.
E) acrosomal reaction.
G) A) and C)
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A) right to left
B) dorsal to ventral
C) anterior to posterior
D) animal to vegetal
E) rostral to caudal
G) C) and D)
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A) regeneration
B) apoptosis
C) oxidative phosphorylation
D) re-differentiation
E) invagination
G) D) and E)
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A) arcadian development, which is typical of insects.
B) holoblastic development, which is typical of marsupial mammals.
C) meroblastic development, which is typical of humans.
D) holoblastic development, which is typical of amphibians.
E) meroblastic development, which is typical of birds.
G) D) and E)
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A) complete the fertilization process more rapidly.
B) have not already completed meiosis at the time of ovulation.
C) have a more distinct animal pole.
D) have a more distinct vegetal pole.
E) have no requirement for the cortical reaction.
G) A) and D)
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A) differentiation.
B) preformation.
C) cell division.
D) morphogenesis.
E) epigenesis.
G) All of the above
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A) first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction
B) cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → first cell division
C) cortical reaction → acrosomal reaction → first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins
D) first cell division → acrosomal reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → cortical reaction
E) acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → first cell division
G) A) and B)
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A) increases as the number of the blastomeres decreases.
B) increases as the number of the blastomeres increases.
C) decreases as the number of the blastomeres increases.
D) decreases as the number of the blastomeres decreases.
E) increases as the number of the blastomeres stays the same.
G) C) and D)
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A) bird.
B) fish.
C) frog.
D) eutherian (placental) mammal.
E) reptile.
G) B) and E)
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A) nucleus.
B) cytoskeleton.
C) extracellular matrix.
D) transport proteins.
E) nucleolus.
G) A) and B)
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A) mitosis.
B) depolarization.
C) apoptosis.
D) vitellogenesis.
E) the acrosomal reaction.
G) B) and E)
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A) All limb buds would cease further growth.
B) The limb bud would be reabsorbed.
C) The limb bud would remain the same.
D) The limb would grow to half its normal size.
E) A nearly normal limb would grow.
G) B) and E)
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A) the sea urchin egg completes meiosis prior to fertilization, but meiosis in humans is completed after fertilization.
B) sea urchin eggs are produced by meiosis, but human eggs are produced by mitosis.
C) sea urchin eggs and sperm are of equal size, but human eggs are much bigger than human sperm.
D) sea urchins, but not humans, have a need to block polyspermy because only in sea urchins can there be more than one source of sperm to fertilize the eggs.
E) sea urchin zygotes get their mitochondria from the sperm but human zygotes get their mitochondria from the egg.
G) B) and C)
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A) 5 seconds after fertilization.
B) 30 minutes after fertilization.
C) 90 minutes after fertilization.
D) 4 hours after fertilization.
E) 24 hours after fertilization.
G) B) and D)
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A) block polyspermy.
B) help propel more sperm toward the egg.
C) digest the protective jelly coat on the surface of the egg.
D) nourish the mitochondria of the sperm.
E) trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm.
G) A) and E)
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A) the daughter cell with the entire grey crescent will die.
B) both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.
C) only the daughter cell with the grey crescent will develop normally.
D) both daughter cells will develop abnormally.
E) both daughter cells will die immediately.
G) None of the above
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A) placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine.
B) resting during halftime of a basketball game.
C) preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven.
D) walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch.
E) dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below.
G) All of the above
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A) an insect.
B) a fish.
C) an amphibian.
D) a bird.
E) a sea urchin.
G) A) and C)
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A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) I and III
E) II and III
G) None of the above
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A) sea urchins, but not humans or birds.
B) humans, but not sea urchins or birds.
C) birds, but not sea urchins or humans.
D) both sea urchins and birds, but not humans.
E) both humans and birds, but not sea urchins.
G) A) and B)
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