Question 1

The accompanying figure shows a series of river terraces. Which of these terraces is the youngest?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

When a river enters a lake or an ocean, it slows down, losing its capacity to carry sediments, forming:

Accepted Answer

A)   deltas
B)   point bars
C)   cutbanks
D)   meanders
E)   oxbow lakesF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Narrow canyons are formed when:

Accepted Answer

A)   downward incision is faster than widening of the canyon by erosion
B)   downward incision is slower than widening of the canyon by erosion
C)   erosion widens the canyon before the downward incision beginsD) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 4

What type of feature is shown in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)   a braided stream
B)   river terraces
C)   alluvial fans
D)   entrenched meanders
E)   none of theseF) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Which of the following profiles does NOT match its position on the stream?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?

Accepted Answer

A)   point bar
B)   floodplain
C)   levee
D)   none of theseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the features on this aerial photograph represents the former position of a meander?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   both C and DF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Stream terraces represent:

Accepted Answer

A)   older floodplains of a river that has incised downward
B)   cutoff meanders of a meandering stream
C)   areas where sea level has risen and waves beveled across the coast
D)   none of theseE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following is the main reason that a delta forms when a stream flows into a lake or sea?

Accepted Answer

A)   the stream flows backward during high tide
B)   ocean waves push the sediment up onto the beach
C)   the velocity of the stream decreases
D)   the stream began downcutting during the ice ages
E)   none of theseF) A) and D)
G) A) and E) C

Question 10

What does a profile of a river from its headwaters to its mouth typically show?

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in gradient downstream
B)   a straight-line profile reflecting a constant decrease in gradient
C)   an abrupt increase followed by a gradual decrease
D)   a curved shape that flattens out downstream
E)   none of theseF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following can have a significant effect on a river?

Accepted Answer

A)   rises and drops in sea level
B)   tectonics
C)   types of bedrock in the river
D)   changes in climate
E)   all of theseF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

When conditions such as climate remain stable, a stream may approach a dynamic equilibrium state. The stream would then be considered:

Accepted Answer

A)   a graded stream
B)   a progressive stream
C)   a tributaryD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 14

On this graph of discharge versus season for a river in the Rocky Mountains, why is the highest runoff likely to be in the spring?

Accepted Answer

A)   winter snow melts in the spring
B)   the Rocky Mountains have many tornadoes during the spring
C)   the Rocky Mountains experience hurricanes in the spring
D)   all of theseE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

What are some effects of building a dam?

Accepted Answer

A)   a stream has more sediment below the dam and so can erode more efficiently
B)   the reservoir lake)  traps sediment that over time fills up part of the reservoir
C)   a dam, whether constructed by nature or by humans, represents a permanent change in base level
D)   the stream erodes into the land instead of depositing sediment, where it enters the reservoirE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Question 16

The cross-sectional area of the channel of a stream or river is calculated by:

Accepted Answer

A)   multiplying the channel's width by its average depth
B)   multiplying the channel's depth by its average length
C)   dividing the channel's depth by its width
D)   adding the channel's width and average lengthE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

What is a braided stream?

Accepted Answer

A)   A stream that flows in a network of many interconnected rivulets around numerous bars
B)   A stream with pronounced sinuous curves
C)   A stream that exhibits a delicate balance between its transporting capacity and the sediment load available to itD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 18

What happens to the erosive power of a stream as velocity increases?

Accepted Answer

A)   Erosion increases.
B)   Erosion decreases
C)   Erosion is not related to velocity.D) B) and C)
E) None of the above

Question 19

If a stream-cut canyon is deep and narrow, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)   rocks in the canyon walls are relatively hard and so easy to erode
B)   the stream is probably close to its base level
C)   downcutting is occurring faster than widening
D)   the stream contains mostly small clasts, such as siltE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 20

A stream cannot erode below:

Accepted Answer

A)   sea level
B)   its headwaters
C)   its channel
D)   its bedrock
E)   its tributariesF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Exam 16: Streams and Flooding

The accompanying figure shows a series of river terraces. Which of these terraces is the youngest?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a river enters a lake or an ocean, it slows down, losing its capacity to carry sediments, forming:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Narrow canyons are formed when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of feature is shown in this figure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following profiles does NOT match its position on the stream?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the features on this aerial photograph represents the former position of a meander?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stream terraces represent:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the main reason that a delta forms when a stream flows into a lake or sea?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

What does a profile of a river from its headwaters to its mouth typically show?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can have a significant effect on a river?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When conditions such as climate remain stable, a stream may approach a dynamic equilibrium state. The stream would then be considered:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On this graph of discharge versus season for a river in the Rocky Mountains, why is the highest runoff likely to be in the spring?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are some effects of building a dam?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The cross-sectional area of the channel of a stream or river is calculated by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a braided stream?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens to the erosive power of a stream as velocity increases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a stream-cut canyon is deep and narrow, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A stream cannot erode below:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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B

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C

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