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The shapes of the product life cycle curve for high-learning, low-learning, fashion, and fad products vary as does


A) the actual length of time a product stays in any stage of the life cycle.
B) the individual criteria selected to place a firm in a stage of the life cycle.
C) the importance of the marketing mix elements.
D) the importance of environmental forces.
E) the importance of new product innovation.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The white apple used by Apple in advertising and on its products is an example of a


A) copyright.
B) trade name.
C) patent.
D) logotype.
E) label.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Adding value to the product (or line) through additional features or higher-quality materials is referred to as


A) trading up.
B) trading down.
C) product enhancement.
D) product extension.
E) quality infusement.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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According to the concept of the diffusion of innovation, consumers who have a fear of debt and depend on neighbors and friends as their information sources are called


A) innovators.
B) early adopters.
C) the early majority.
D) the late majority.
E) laggards.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Primary demand is a desire for the ________ rather than for a ________; it is often the focus of marketing when there are few competitors with the same product.


A) product class; specific brand
B) problem solution; product category
C) brand name; product category
D) novelty; problem solution
E) product concept; tangible product

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following products would have a fad product life-cycle curve?


A) women's hosiery
B) fidget spinners
C) electric cars
D) convection ovens
E) sport drinks

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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At which stage of the product life cycle are microwave ovens?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) redevelopment

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Product form refers to


A) the legal description of an individual item including all its salient characteristics.
B) the SKU designation assigned to a product item.
C) a series of product items that share similar characteristics in terms of usage.
D) variations within the product class.
E) a group of product items that comprise an industry.

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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For consumers, the primary benefit of branding is that


A) products tend to be higher in quality.
B) it helps consumers become more efficient shoppers.
C) branded items are more readily available in retail outlets.
D) branded items are usually more expensive because of the cost to register them with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) .
E) they are often rewarded with buyer loyalty incentives.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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  Figure 11-7 -Companies can employ several different branding strategies. In Figure 11-7 above, D represents a ________ strategy. A)  retailer branding B)  multiproduct branding C)  multibranding D)  private branding E)  mixed branding Figure 11-7 -Companies can employ several different branding strategies. In Figure 11-7 above, D represents a ________ strategy.


A) retailer branding
B) multiproduct branding
C) multibranding
D) private branding
E) mixed branding

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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According to the concept of the diffusion of innovation, consumers who are skeptical and have below average social status are called


A) innovators.
B) early adopters.
C) the early majority.
D) the late majority.
E) laggards.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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The environmental challenges of packaging and labeling are often global in nature. These include all of these except which?


A) the shortage of viable landfill sites
B) growth of solid waste
C) the composition of packaging materials
D) defective products
E) recycling

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The length of time it takes for a product category to move from the introduction stage to the decline stage of its product life cycle is


A) 18 months.
B) 5 to 10 years.
C) about 20 years.
D) about 30 years.
E) dependent of a variety of factors, including the type of product.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Imagine that Eveready has developed solar rechargeable batteries that cost only slightly more to produce than the rechargeable batteries currently available. These solar batteries can be recharged by sunlight up to five times, after which they are to be discarded. Unfortunately, the production process cannot be patented, so competitors could enter the market within a year. Which of the following is the best description of the product life cycle of this product?


A) rapid growth followed by rapid decline
B) long, level beginning, and rapid ascent
C) moderately slow introduction, followed by modest growth, gradually leveling off
D) high introductory sales followed by rapid decline
E) high initial sales followed by slow decline

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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According to the diffusion of innovation concept, early adopters


A) have a fear of debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) are deliberate and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social settings and have a slightly above average education.
E) are venturesome, higher educated, and use multiple information sources.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Major American car manufacturers are offering buying incentives to newly graduated college students who traditionally have little or no credit. Car manufacturers are using which of the following market modification strategies?


A) finding new users
B) creating new use situations
C) increasing a product's use by existing customers
D) modifying the product
E) reacting to competitors' positions

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The GPS SmartSole is a discreet wearable insole that fits in the shoe and provides GPS tracking of the wearer. This product is being marketed as an inexpensive solution for caregivers whose charges are prone to wandering, like those with Alzheimer's disease or autism. When the insoles were first made available to consumers, what was the marketing objective for the company at that early stage of the product life cycle?


A) stress differentiation from other saving products
B) maintain brand loyalty
C) allow users to spend time doing other things
D) create awareness and stimulate trial
E) target a whole new group of consumers

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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The belief that products originating from one country would be of better or worse quality than the products from another country illustrates the ________ benefits that packaging information can provide.


A) functional
B) financial
C) physical
D) perceptual
E) communication

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Though Justin's is most known for its nut butters and peanut butter cups, it has also released a cookbook titled Justin My Kitchen. The cookbook is an example of ________ for Justin's.


A) a brand extension
B) a product line extension
C) cannibalization
D) private branding
E) mixed branding

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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American Ninja Warriorbegan airing in 2012 on NBC during the summer season when TV ratings are normally low and network TV viewing options consisted primarily of reruns. The marketing goals for the first season on that network included making television viewers aware of the program's existence and generating enough excitement about the show so that millions of viewers would watch the athletic competition. At the airing of the first episode that year, American Ninja Warrior was in what stage of its product life cycle?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) development

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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