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Richard Nixon was given a full pardon by President ________ for any criminal role he may have played in the Watergate scandals.

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In the late 1980s, challenges to communist rule were LEAST successful in


A) Poland.
B) China.
C) Romania.
D) Czechoslovakia.
E) Hungary.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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During the Ford administration,


A) the cost of oil rose dramatically.
B) the dependence of the United States on foreign oil lessened.
C) the national inflation rate declined after the end of the 1973 oil embargo.
D) the United States became the world's largest oil producer.
E) government spending increased and taxes decreased.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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President Ronald Reagan claimed that the U.S. SDI program could essentially make nuclear war obsolete.

A) True
B) False

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In 1982, President Reagan sent American soldiers to the Caribbean island of ________.

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What were George H. W. Bush's motivations for pursuing the Gulf War? Describe the U.S. involvement in the war and the overall war aims.

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George H.W. Bush's motivations for pursu...

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President Carter responded to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan by declaring the Carter Doctrine.

A) True
B) False

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George H. W. Bush's 1988 presidential victory was primarily the result of


A) the public's disapproval of negative political advertising.
B) his repeated attack on his opponent as a liberal.
C) an overly aggressive Democratic strategy.
D) damaging personal revelations regarding Michael Dukakis.
E) public ebullience over the fall of communism.

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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In 1979, Iranians who took American hostages demanded, in return for their release,


A) a large ransom payment.
B) the removal of all westerners from Iran.
C) an end to the United States' support of Israel.
D) the United States' return of the shah of Iran.
E) the removal of all American troops from Saudi Arabia.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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In 1988, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev signaled his desire to change past policies by


A) renouncing his own communism.
B) ordering a military coup against communist hard-liners within his government.
C) giving the republics within the Soviet Union their independence.
D) releasing political prisoner Nelson Mandela after 27 years.
E) agreeing to a significant nuclear arms reduction treaty.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Historically, there has been a strong populist tradition in the American South and West.

A) True
B) False

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During the Reagan presidency, "neo-conservatives"


A) were a small but disproportionately influential group of intellectuals.
B) made up the majority of supporters of Reagan.
C) were largely concerned with the government's progressive tax structure.
D) were unable to effectively unite with other Reagan supporters.
E) believed the Vietnam War had illustrated the limits of American intervention.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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President Gerald Ford's foreign policy actions included


A) replacing Henry Kissinger as secretary of state.
B) the signing of an arms control agreement with the Soviet Union.
C) shifting away from the Nixon policies of engaging China in diplomacy.
D) helping Israel obtain control of a large portion of the Sinai from Egypt.
E) attempting to secure the release of American hostages in Iran.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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In 1986, the Reagan administration suffered a serious political scandal after the White House admitted it had


A) secretly sold weapons to the revolutionary government of Iran.
B) secretly helped finance anti-government rebels in Nicaragua.
C) illegally funneled money from arms sales.
D) both illegally funneled money from arms sales and secretly helped finance anti-government rebels in Nicaragua.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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What constituted the "Reagan Revolution"? Was it successful or not? Why or why not?

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The "Reagan Revolution" refers to the ec...

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The crisis of American hostages being held in Iran


A) lasted over one year.
B) ended with a successful rescue operation by American troops.
C) was resolved before the 1980 elections.
D) both lasted over one year and was resolved before the 1980 election.
E) None of these answers is correct.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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In 1977, President Jimmy Carter supported treaties in which the United States gave up control of


A) military bases in Okinawa.
B) sugar plantations in the Philippines.
C) the Panama Canal.
D) the island of Guam.
E) the UN Security Council.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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The weakening of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s was encouraged by the Soviet policy of


A) glasnost.
B) perestroika.
C) apartheid.
D) glasnost and perestroika.
E) perestroika and apartheid.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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As president, Ronald Reagan


A) had major success in redefining public policy.
B) succeeded in making his personality a central feature of his presidency.
C) faced strong opposition from a majority of policy-makers in government.
D) initially pledged to serve only one term.
E) was very involved in the day-to-day affairs of running the government.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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