Question 1

Describe the benefits of using subunit vaccines rather than live or inactivated virus vaccines.What are some of the new techniques being investigated to produce recombinant vaccines that would improve the effectiveness of these types of vaccines?

Accepted Answer

One of the major benefits of a subunit v...

Question 2

Vaccines will never be able to treat patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus because they can not break immunological tolerance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following was a major development in 1931 that helped in the production of antiviral vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)  The invention of the Petri dish.
B)  The ability to grow viruses in chicken eggs.
C)  The development of the agar based culture system.
D)  The invention of the electron microscope.
E)  The development of primary cell culture systems.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Only live wild-type or attenuated vaccines can be delivered orally or nasally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 5

For a vaccine to be effective,it is more important that it stimulate a humoral immune response to a virus rather than a cellular immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

For which of the following viruses would a vaccine that stimulates the cellular immune system be most useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herpesviruses
B)  Dengue virus
C)  HIV
D)  Hepatitis C virus
E)  All of the above.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 7

For which of the following viruses is a vaccine NOT being currently developed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human rhinovirus.
B)  Hepatitis C virus.
C)  Dengue virus.
D)  Respiratory syncytial virus.
E)  Human immunodeficiency virusF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

Most of the currently available attenuated virus vaccines were produced by creating known mutations in the viral genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an improvement that is in the process of being developed for use in vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adjuvants that stimulate toll-like receptors.
B)  Injecting pulsed dendritic cells back into the patient.
C)  Introducing virus genes into the human genome.
D)  Using a gene gun to deliver the vaccine.
E)  Injection of plasmid DNA that expresses a viral antigen.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following has been a major technological problem with producing a vaccine to the H5N1 avian influenza?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was difficult to produce a reassortant virus strain.
B)  It was difficult to identify the most antigenic regions of the virus.
C)  The virus can not be grown in cultured cells.
D)  It was difficult to produce enough of the vaccine strain in chicken eggs.
E)  The virus replicates to very low titers.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an example of a currently available vaccine type?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chimeric virus
B)  Plasmid DNA
C)  Virus-like particles
D)  Subunit vaccine
E)  Whole inactivated virusF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Recombinant vaccines could consist of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recombinant vaccinia virus that can express a viral structural protein.
B)  A recombinant adenovirus that contains a gene for a virus protein.
C)  Naked DNA that expresses a viral protein.
D)  A single viral structural protein that forms virus-like particles.
E)  All of the above are correct.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C) E

Question 13

The current vaccines that are marketed for human papillomavirus and hepatitis B are examples of what type of vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subunit vaccine
B)  Chimeric virus
C)  Whole inactivated vaccine
D)  Live attenuated vaccine
E)  Multivalent peptide vaccineF) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Why must adjuvants be used when administering a killed or recombinant virus vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  These vaccines must be given as injections.
B)  These vaccines are less efficient at stimulating the immune system.
C)  These vaccines are not as safe as live attenuated vaccines.
D)  These vaccines are less stable than live attenuated vaccines.
E)  These vaccines must be given in several doses.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Passaging human viruses in non-human cells is one method used to produce an attenuated virus strain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following describes the chimeric rotavirus vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  A plasmid that expresses the surface glycoprotein from rotavirus.
B)  A single capsid protein from human rotavirus that forms virus-like particles.
C)  A chimpanzee rotavirus that has been shown to be non-pathogenic in humans.
D)  The surface glycoprotein gene of the human virus inserted into the bovine virus.
E)  The surface glycoprotein gene of the bovine virus inserted into the human virus.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a killed virus vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less sensitive to storage conditions.
B)  Any contaminating viruses will be killed too.
C)  They provide the best immune response.
D)  They are safer to use in immunocompromised individuals.
E)  They are incapable of causing disease.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D) C

Question 18

Early vaccines for rabies virus that contained rabbit spinal chord proteins caused autoimmune reactions in some people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is the advantage of using a cold-adapted strain of influenza A as a vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  It spreads between people better than the wild-type.
B)  It does not replicate well in the lung tissue.
C)  It does not stimulate the release of interferon.
D)  It does not cause as much cell damage as the wild-type virus.
E)  It is more immunogenic than the wild-type.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

One advantage of a live virus vaccine,attenuated or wild-type,is that ….

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no possibility of it reverting to a pathogenic virus.
B)  it only infects the person to whom it was administered.
C)  it is easy to produce and store.
D)  it can be amplified due to viral replication in the patient.
E)  All of the above are advantages.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Exam 35: Antiviral Vaccines

Describe the benefits of using subunit vaccines rather than live or inactivated virus vaccines.What are some of the new techniques being investigated to produce recombinant vaccines that would improve the effectiveness of these types of vaccines?

Correct AnswerverifiedOne of the major benefits of a subunit v...View AnswerShow Answer

Vaccines will never be able to treat patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus because they can not break immunological tolerance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was a major development in 1931 that helped in the production of antiviral vaccines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Only live wild-type or attenuated vaccines can be delivered orally or nasally.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

For a vaccine to be effective,it is more important that it stimulate a humoral immune response to a virus rather than a cellular immune response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For which of the following viruses would a vaccine that stimulates the cellular immune system be most useful?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For which of the following viruses is a vaccine NOT being currently developed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the currently available attenuated virus vaccines were produced by creating known mutations in the viral genome.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an improvement that is in the process of being developed for use in vaccines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has been a major technological problem with producing a vaccine to the H5N1 avian influenza?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of a currently available vaccine type?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recombinant vaccines could consist of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

The current vaccines that are marketed for human papillomavirus and hepatitis B are examples of what type of vaccine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why must adjuvants be used when administering a killed or recombinant virus vaccine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Passaging human viruses in non-human cells is one method used to produce an attenuated virus strain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes the chimeric rotavirus vaccine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a killed virus vaccine?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Early vaccines for rabies virus that contained rabbit spinal chord proteins caused autoimmune reactions in some people.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the advantage of using a cold-adapted strain of influenza A as a vaccine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One advantage of a live virus vaccine,attenuated or wild-type,is that ….

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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One of the major benefits of a subunit v...
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True

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E

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C

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