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Who developed the tuning-fork diagram connecting the different shapes of elliptical and spiral galaxies?


A) Stephen Hawking
B) Ejnar Hertzsprung
C) Martin Schwarzschild
D) Edwin Hubble

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A spiral galaxy has well-defined arms that are wound not-too-tightly around its intermediate-size bulge. This is MOST likely a


A) flocculent Sa.
B) grand-design Sb.
C) flocculent Sb.
D) grand-design Sc.

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According to the Hubble classification scheme, an Sc galaxy has a(n)


A) round or spherical appearance with a smooth light distribution.
B) large central bulge and tightly wound spiral arms.
C) irregular shape with no obvious disk or spiral arms.
D) small central bulge and loosely wound spiral arms.

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Which of these terms does NOT name one of the four main categories of galaxies in the Hubble classification scheme?


A) normal spirals
B) barred spirals
C) starbursts
D) ellipticals

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What is the classification for a spiral galaxy with a moderately sized nuclear region and moderately wound arms?


A) Sc
B) SBc
C) Sa
D) Sb

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What is an elliptical galaxy?


A) galaxy with an elliptical outline and a smooth distribution of brightness but no apparent structure
B) spiral galaxy seen from an angle, giving it an elliptical profile
C) galaxy with an elliptical halo when observed at radio wavelengths
D) spiral galaxy with an elliptically shaped nuclear bulge and the spiral arms starting from the ends of the ellipse

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What is the Hubble flow?


A) Distant superclusters of galaxies are all moving toward Earth on one side and away from Earth on the other, as part of a universal flow of galaxies throughout the universe.
B) Distant superclusters of galaxies are all moving away from Earth at approximately the same speed.
C) Distant superclusters of galaxies are all moving away from Earth, their speed increasing with increasing distance.
D) Distant superclusters of galaxies are all moving away from Earth, their speed decreasing with increasing distance.

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