Question 1

Three types of nitrogenous wastes formed from the breakdown of protein are pictured in the diagram.  a- Explain the relationship of the water needed to excrete the wastes and the energy required to produce the wastes.
b- How is the energy needed to produce the waste and the water needed to eliminate the waste related to the nature of each waste product?
c- Tell what types of organism produce each type of waste.

Accepted Answer

There is an inverse relationship between...

Question 2

Penicillin leaves the blood plasma through tubular walls and not through the glomerulus.Therefore,penicillin is removed from the blood by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis.
B)  glomerular filtration.
C)  tubular secretion.
D)  diffusion.
E)  tubular reabsorption.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it.How many major "connections" must be cut in transplant surgery for one kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  two: the renal artery and vein
B)  three: the renal artery and vein and the urethra
C)  three: the renal artery and vein and the ureter
D)  four: the renal artery and vein,the ureter,and urethra
E)  five: the renal artery and vein,two ureters,and one urethraF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 4

The main nitrogenous waste excreted by terrestrial amphibians and mammals is

Accepted Answer

A)  urea.
B)  uric acid.
C)  amino acid.
D)  ammonia.
E)  uracil.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Why is it advantageous for the embryos of reptiles and birds to produce uric acid instead of ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uric acid is relatively nontoxic and won't harm the developing embryo as it is stored inside of the egg.Ammonia is far more toxic and could cause developmental problems if it was confined to the interior of an egg alongside of the embryo.
B)  Uric acid will diffuse out of the shell whereas ammonia would be trapped inside of the shell with the developing embryo.
C)  Uric acid can be recycled by the developing embryo and used as an alternative source of energy.Ammonia cannot be used as an alternative source of energy.
D)  The uric acid can be broken down much easier than the ammonia by the excretory system of these animals.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Accepted Answer

A)  the kidney stores glucose as glycogen.
B)  kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport.
C)  glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
D)  glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidney.
E)  glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) .F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Which type of animal is most likely to gain water by osmosis from its environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  marine bony fishes
B)  freshwater bony fishes
C)  cartilaginous fishes
D)  reptiles
E)  birdsF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma.Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions.Urea is assembled in the liver.In a healthy person,what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  All three remain in the bloodstream.
B)  All three move into the glomerular capsule and are excreted in urine.
C)  All three move into the glomerular capsule but the salt ions are mostly reabsorbed.
D)  Albumin remains in the blood and salt ions and urea moved into the glomerular filtrate and excreted in the urine.
E)  Albumin remains in the blood,salt ions move into the filtrate but most are reabsorbed,and the urea moves into the filtrate and is excreted in the urine.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Nephridia are the paired structures used in excretion in

Accepted Answer

A)  earthworms.
B)  insects.
C)  humans.
D)  planarians.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

In aquatic vertebrates,which kidney function is critical to helping the organism maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kidneys function to maintain the balance between water and several types of salts.
B)  The kidneys produce a concentrated form of urine that will help decrease the amount of water lost by the organism.
C)  The kidneys have an incredible high rate of tubular reabsorption that allows them to be extremely efficient.
D)  The kidneys are relatively small and only require a limited blood supply to maintain their function.
E)  The kidneys will produce white blood cells that will assist the organism in defense of the body.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Excretion is a process in which ________ is (are) removed from the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  salt
C)  feces
D)  metabolic wastes
E)  hormonesF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 12

In what way does caffeine affect the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Caffeine blocks the actions of ADH causing the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb urine formation.
B)  Caffeine increases the actions of ADH causing the proximal convoluted tubule to reabsorb less water which leads to an increased amount of urine formation.
C)  Caffeine blocks the actions of ADH causing the proximal convoluted tubule to reabsorb more water which leads to a decreased amount of urine formation.
D)  Caffeine blocks the actions of ADH causing the glomerular capsule to reabsorb less water which leads to an increased amount of urine formation.
E)  Caffeine increases the actions of ADH causing the distal convoluted tubule to reabsorb less water which leads to an increased amount of urine formation.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Why is the secretion of uric acid beneficial to organisms that live in hot and dry environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uric acid has poor solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion as well as being relatively nontoxic.
B)  Uric acid has a high degree of solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion as well as being relatively nontoxic.
C)  Uric acid has poor solubility in water so it will become concentrated during excretion which allows the organism to use it as a defense mechanism.
D)  Uric acid can be readily reabsorbed by the urinary system so it decreases the amount of waste produced by the organism.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 36: Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

In what way does caffeine affect the urinary system?

Correct Answer
verified

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma.Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions.Urea is assembled in the liver.In a healthy person,what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

Correct Answer
verified

Which type of animal is most likely to gain water by osmosis from its environment?

Correct Answer
verified

Nephridia are the paired structures used in excretion in

Correct Answer
verified

In aquatic vertebrates,which kidney function is critical to helping the organism maintaining homeostasis?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
There is an inverse relationship between...
View Answer

Penicillin leaves the blood plasma through tubular walls and not through the glomerulus.Therefore,penicillin is removed from the blood by the process of

Correct Answer
verified

Excretion is a process in which ________ is (are) removed from the body.

Correct Answer
verified

The main nitrogenous waste excreted by terrestrial amphibians and mammals is

Correct Answer
verified

Why is it advantageous for the embryos of reptiles and birds to produce uric acid instead of ammonia?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is the secretion of uric acid beneficial to organisms that live in hot and dry environments?

Correct Answer
verified

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Correct Answer
verified

The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it.How many major "connections" must be cut in transplant surgery for one kidney?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 36: Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

In what way does caffeine affect the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma.Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions.Urea is assembled in the liver.In a healthy person,what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of animal is most likely to gain water by osmosis from its environment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nephridia are the paired structures used in excretion in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In aquatic vertebrates,which kidney function is critical to helping the organism maintaining homeostasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThere is an inverse relationship between...View AnswerShow Answer

Penicillin leaves the blood plasma through tubular walls and not through the glomerulus.Therefore,penicillin is removed from the blood by the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excretion is a process in which ________ is (are) removed from the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main nitrogenous waste excreted by terrestrial amphibians and mammals is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is it advantageous for the embryos of reptiles and birds to produce uric acid instead of ammonia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the secretion of uric acid beneficial to organisms that live in hot and dry environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it.How many major "connections" must be cut in transplant surgery for one kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
There is an inverse relationship between...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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