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Which of the following is not a barrier to entry in a monopolized market?


A) A single firm is very large.
B) The government gives a single firm the exclusive right to produce some good.
C) The costs of production make a single producer more efficient than a large number of producers.
D) A key resource is owned by a single firm.

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A

Give some examples of the benefits and costs of competition laws.

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Competition laws act against cartels and...

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Cengage is a monopolist in the production of your textbook because Cengage:


A) is a very large company.
B) owns a key resource in the production of textbooks.
C) is a natural monopoly.
D) has a legally protected exclusive right to produce this textbook.

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Price discrimination is only possible if there is no arbitrage.

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Consider the following demand and cost information ?  Quantity  Price  Total Cost 040101301522025310404060\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline \underline{\text { Quantity }} & \underline{\text { Price }} & \underline{\text { Total Cost }} \\\hline 0 & € 40 & € 10 \\\hline 1 & € 30 & € 15 \\\hline 2 & € 20 & € 25 \\\hline 3 & € 10 & € 40 \\\hline 4 & € 0 & € 60 \\\hline\end{array} Refer to the table above. The marginal cost of the fourth unit ?


A) €60
B) €40
C) €20
D) €10

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A monopolist that practises perfect price discrimination


A) creates no deadweight loss.
B) charges one group of buyers a higher price than another group, such as offering a student discount.
C) produces the same monopoly level of output as when a single price is charged.
D) charges some customers a price below marginal cost because costs are covered by the high-priced buyers.

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A

Which of the following statements about price discrimination is not true?


A) Price discrimination increases a monopolist's profits.
B) Price discrimination can raise economic welfare.
C) Price discrimination requires that the seller be able to separate buyers according to their willingness to pay.
D) Perfect price discrimination generates a deadweight loss.
E) For a monopolist to engage in price discrimination, buyers must be unable to engage in arbitrage.

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D

If government officials break a natural monopoly up into several smaller firms, then


A) competition will force firms to attain economic profits rather than accounting profits.
B) competition will force firms to produce surplus output, which drives up price.
C) the average costs of production will increase.
D) the average costs of production will decrease.

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Patent and copyright laws encourage


A) creative activity.
B) lower prices due to decreasing average total costs.
C) competition among firms.
D) All of the above are correct.

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Sizable economic profits can persist over time under monopoly if the monopolist


A) produces that output where average total cost is at a maximum.
B) is protected by barriers to entry.
C) operates as a price taker rather than a price maker.
D) realizes revenues that exceed variable costs.

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The demand curve facing a monopolist is the market demand curve for its product.

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Consider the following demand and cost information ?  Quantity  Price  Total Cost 040101301522025310404060\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline \underline{\text { Quantity }} & \underline{\text { Price }} & \underline{\text { Total Cost }} \\\hline 0 & € 40 & € 10 \\\hline 1 & € 30 & € 15 \\\hline 2 & € 20 & € 25 \\\hline 3 & € 10 & € 40 \\\hline 4 & € 0 & € 60 \\\hline\end{array} Refer to the table above. To maximize profit, the monopolist sets the price at ?


A) €40
B) €20
C) €0
D) €10

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Graphically depict the deadweight loss caused by a monopoly. How is this similar to the deadweight loss from taxation?

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A profit-maximizing monopolist will...

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Using government regulations to force a natural monopoly to charge a price equal to its marginal cost will


A) improve efficiency.
B) cause the monopolist to exit the market.
C) raise the price of good.
D) attract additional firms to enter the market.

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The simplest way for a monopoly to arise is for a single firm to


A) decrease its price below its competitors' prices.
B) decrease production to increase demand for its product.
C) make pricing decisions jointly with other firms.
D) own a key resource.

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A benefit of a monopoly is


A) efficient production.
B) decreasing long-run marginal costs.
C) profit that can be invested in research and development.
D) All of the above are correct.

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Most economists argue that the most efficient solution to the problem of monopoly is that the monopoly should be publicly owned.

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A monopolist's profits with price discrimination will be


A) lower than if the firm charged a single, profit-maximizing price
B) the same as if the firm charged a single, profit-maximizing price.
C) higher than if the firm charged just one price because the firm will capture more consumer surplus.
D) higher than if the firm charged a single price because the costs of selling the good will be lower.

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a monopoly?


A) low fixed costs as a portion of total costs
B) free entry and exit
C) barriers to entry
D) declining marginal cost

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If regulators break up a natural monopoly into many smaller firms, the cost of production


A) will remain the same.
B) will fall.
C) will rise.
D) could either rise or fall depending on the elasticity of the monopolist's supply curve.

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